20. a) A Soft drink is more acidic than a tomato because it is lower on the pH scale. b) Black coffee is more acidic because it has a lower pH than pure water, which is neutral at 7. c) Milk of Magnesia is more acidic than ammonia even though they are both basic on the pH scale.
21. Because of the ten-fold difference, 20 times.
22. Acidic pH water can impaire the fish-egg development thus hampering the ability of fish to reproduce and can also leach into the soil surrounding and cause those metal ions to cause harm to the fish. Basic pH water can dissolve skin and scales of fish as well.
23. Polar molecules are molecules that have an uneven distribution of electrical charge while nonpolar molecules have no separation of charge. Polar molecules dissolve in polar molecules while nonpolar molecules dissolve in nonpolar molecules.
24. I would select Lamp oil to dissolve a nonpolar molecular substance because it is made up of nonpolar molecules and will therefore be able to dissolve this substance.
25. Water is a Polar molecule just like NaCl unlike cooking oil which is a nonpolar molecule and can only dissolve other nonpolar molecules.
26. "Like dissolves like" refers to the way polar and nonpolar molecules tend to stay within their own groups and can only dissolve each other. For example a polar molecule such as water will dissolve ethanol because ethanol is also a polar molecule.
27. Plain water is made up of a polar molecule while greasy dishes have nonpolar molecules so they need a base or a nonpolar to wash them.
33. Many mechanics prefer to use waterless hand cleaners to clean their greasy hands because water is polar and cannot get rid of the grease while a nonpolar molecule probably within their cleaner could help their hands become clean.
35. Hydrogen would have the partial positive charge because it is a positively charged ion while Flourine in a negatively charged ion.
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