#31-38 p235 #1-10 p258, unit 3

31. a) Propane- C3H8
b) Pentane- C5H12

32. Ane refers to the fact that hexane is an alkane.

33. Yes, they all have the same amount of carbon atoms which is 6 and 12 hydrogen atoms.

34. See Drawing

35. Butane

36. A linear chain and a zigzag chain have different structures; however, they have the same properties and amount of hydrocarbons making them isomers.

37. a) see drawings
b) the branched-chain molecule

38. a) A short straight chain would have a lower boiling point because there is less carbon to evaporate than a longer straight chain.
b) a short branched chain would have the lower boiling point because it again has less carbon bonds to break than the longer branched chain.
c) a short branched chain would have a lower boiling point because it has less carbon ,olecules to break down rather than a long straight chain which would have a lot of carbon bonds.
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1. Petroleum can be considered buried sunshine because before the the petroleum was buried it got its energy from the solar radiation transferred to either a plant or animal.

2. a) Potential energy is energy of position or condition; a piece of paper on the edge of a desk.
b) Kinetic energy is energy related to motion; a moving car.

3. In a chemical reaction the energy from the reactant side is used to break apart the original chemical bonds and form new ones with more or less energy with the product.

4. Butane, because it possesses more carbon and hydrogen atoms giving it the ability to hold more energy.

5. a) Potential energy
b) Potential energy
c) Kinetic energy
d) Potential energy
e) Kinetic energy

6. Chemical bonds need energy to break so that when they reconstruct new chemical bonds energy can be used.

7. a) exothermic-more energy is produced than is started with
b) endothermic-more energy was used than produced
c) endothermic-the candy bar provides less energy than it took to digest it

8. There is less energy stored in the reactants than is produced causing the heat energy form the lit candle.

9. See drawing

10. Energy is neither created nor destroyed in any mechanical, physical, or chemical processes.